2011-3-1 · 1. Introduction. Heavy metals are elements having atomic weights between 63.5 and 200.6, and a specific gravity greater than 5.0 (Srivastava and Majumder, 2008).With the rapid development of industries such as metal plating facilities, mining operations, fertilizer industries, tanneries, batteries, paper industries and pesticides, etc., heavy metals wastewaters are directly or indirectly ...